【PEP】High School Chemistry Compulsory Course Book 1

📚 Content Summary

This course is based on the People's Education Press high school chemistry compulsory textbook, Volume 1, covering fundamental theories such as classification of matter, ion reactions, and redox reactions, as well as the properties and compounds of key metallic and non-metallic elements including sodium, chlorine, and iron. It introduces core chemical stoichiometry concepts like "amount of substance," serving as a foundational module for high school chemistry learning.

Explore the laws governing changes in the microscopic world and master essential chemical literacy.

Author: Wang Jing, Zheng Changlong

Acknowledgments: Approved by the National Textbook Committee Expert Review (2019); First National Textbook Construction Award – National Outstanding Textbook First Prize

🎯 Learning Objectives

1. Master classification methods: Be able to classify substances and chemical reactions using tree diagrams and cross-classification, and identify characteristics of different dispersion systems (especially colloids).
2. Understand reaction essence: Grasp the ionization process of electrolytes in aqueous solutions, master the steps for writing ionic equations, and determine whether reactions occur based on the conditions of double displacement reactions.
3. Establish a conservation of electrons perspective: Identify redox reactions from changes in oxidation states and electron transfer, distinguish oxidizing agents from reducing agents, and understand the essence of chemical reactions.
4. Describe the physical and chemical properties of elemental sodium and chlorine, and their important compounds (e.g., Na_2O_2, Na_2CO_3, NaHCO_3, HClO) through experimental observation.
5. Master the conversion relationships among amount of substance (n), Avogadro’s constant (N_A), molar mass (M), molar volume of gases (V_m), and molarity (c).
6. Perform standardized operations with volumetric flasks, independently prepare solutions of specified molar concentration, and conduct error analysis.
7. Macroscopic Identification and Microscopic Exploration: Observe characteristic colors and reaction phenomena of iron and its compounds through experiments, and analyze their transformations from the perspectives of ionic and redox reactions.
8. Evidence Reasoning and Model Cognition: Establish the “iron triangle” (Fe, Fe^{2+}, Fe^{3+}) transformation model, master methods for testing iron ions, and apply purification strategies.
9. Scientific Inquiry and Social Responsibility: Understand how composition affects performance in alloys (e.g., steel, aluminum alloys), and recognize the importance of chemistry in electronics (copper-clad board etching) and food safety (iron supplement testing).
10. Master atomic structure and nuclide concepts: Accurately calculate relationships between mass number, proton number, and neutron number; identify and differentiate isotopes.

🔹 Lesson 1: Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Matter and Its Transformations

Overview: This chapter lays the foundation for high school chemistry by systematically introducing the subject matter of chemistry and its modern development history. The core theme revolves around "classification thinking," progressing from macroscopic classification and transformation laws of matter to the microscopic essence of ionic reactions, and finally defining redox reactions through the lens of electron transfer.

Learning Outcomes:

• Master classification methods: Be able to classify substances and chemical reactions using tree diagrams and cross-classification, and identify characteristics of different dispersion systems (especially colloids).
• Understand reaction essence: Grasp the ionization process of electrolytes in aqueous solutions, master the steps for writing ionic equations, and determine whether reactions occur based on the conditions of double displacement reactions.
• Establish a conservation of electrons perspective: Identify redox reactions from changes in oxidation states and electron transfer, distinguish oxidizing agents from reducing agents, and understand the essence of chemical reactions.

🔹 Lesson 2: Chapter 2: Important Elements in Seawater – Sodium, Chlorine, and Amount of Substance

Overview: This chapter focuses on two representative elements found in seawater resources—sodium and chlorine. Through studying the properties of metallic sodium and its compounds, as well as nonmetallic elemental chlorine and its derivatives, students will develop a mindset that derives chemical properties from atomic structure. Additionally, this chapter introduces the core stoichiometric tool in high school chemistry—the concept of "amount of substance."

Learning Outcomes:

• Describe the physical and chemical properties of elemental sodium and chlorine, and their important compounds (e.g., Na_2O_2, Na_2CO_3, NaHCO_3, HClO) through experimental observation.
• Master the conversion relationships among amount of substance (n), Avogadro’s constant (N_A), molar mass (M), molar volume of gases (V_m), and molarity (c).
• Perform standardized operations with volumetric flasks, independently prepare solutions of specified molar concentration, and conduct error analysis.

🔹 Lesson 3: Chapter 3: Iron and Its Compounds and Applications of Metallic Materials

Overview: This chapter focuses on the properties and transformation relationships of iron and its compounds, as well as the applications of metallic materials—particularly iron and aluminum alloys—in daily life and industry. By examining substances through categories and element oxidation states, students will learn the chemical behavior, testing methods, and purification strategies for iron and its ions, and understand the superior performance of alloys compared to pure metals.

Learning Outcomes:

• Macroscopic Identification and Microscopic Exploration: Observe characteristic colors and reaction phenomena of iron and its compounds through experiments, and analyze their transformations from the perspectives of ionic and redox reactions.
• Evidence Reasoning and Model Cognition: Establish the “iron triangle” (Fe, Fe^{2+}, Fe^{3+}) transformation model, master methods for testing iron ions, and apply purification strategies.
• Scientific Inquiry and Social Responsibility: Understand how composition affects performance in alloys (e.g., steel, aluminum alloys), and recognize the importance of chemistry in electronics (copper-clad board etching) and food safety (iron supplement testing).

🔹 Lesson 4: Chapter 4: Atomic Structure, Periodic Law, and Chemical Bonding

Overview: This chapter forms the core foundation of high school chemistry, providing a deep exploration from the microscopic structure of atoms to the macroscopic patterns of elemental evolution. By studying the arrangement logic of atomic nuclei and electrons, students will understand the principles behind the construction of the periodic table, the concept of isotopes, and the periodic trends in element properties based on atomic structure.

Learning Outcomes:

• Master atomic structure and nuclide concepts: Accurately calculate relationships between mass number, proton number, and neutron number; identify and differentiate isotopes.
• Understand periodic law and the periodic table: Master the electron shell configuration rules (2n^2 rule), comprehend the logic behind period and group divisions, and predict trends in properties of alkali metals and halogens.
• Master chemical bonds and electron dot structures: Distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds (polar and nonpolar), and accurately write electron dot structures and formation processes for common substances.