【PEP】High School Physics Compulsory First Volume

📚 Content Summary

This course is based on the compulsory first-year high school physics textbook, covering the description of mechanical motion, the laws of uniformly accelerated linear motion, gravity, elastic force, and friction in interactions, as well as the relationship between motion and force (Newton's laws of motion). The course aims to cultivate students' core physics competencies and scientific thinking through experimental inquiry and logical reasoning.

Master motion laws, understand the nature of force, and embark on your journey into high school physics.

Author: People's Education Press Curriculum and Textbook Research Institute Physics Curriculum and Textbook Research and Development Center

Acknowledgments: Reviewed and approved by the National Textbook Committee Expert Committee, First National Textbook Construction Award – First Prize

🎯 Learning Objectives

1. Understand the scientific spirit of physics and its social applications, recognizing the broad prospects for future development in physics.
2. Distinguish between instants and time intervals, and between distance and displacement, and be able to quantitatively describe displacement in linear motion using a coordinate system.
3. Master methods for measuring displacement and velocity using ticker timers, sensors, and satellite navigation systems.
4. Experimental skills: Able to use a ticker timer to collect data and analyze the motion patterns of a cart through v-t graphs.
5. Law derivation and application: Master the three core formulas of uniformly accelerated linear motion (velocity, displacement, and velocity-displacement relationship), and apply them flexibly to solve real-world problems in transportation and aerospace contexts.
6. Physical modeling: Understand that free fall is an idealized uniformly accelerated linear motion, and grasp the concept of gravitational acceleration.
7. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of forces: Master Hooke’s law F=kx and the formula for kinetic friction F_f = \mu F_N, and be able to experimentally investigate the relationship between elastic force and deformation, as well as the rules of force composition.
8. Understand the essence of interaction: Deeply comprehend Newton’s third law, and be able to distinguish between “action and reaction forces” and “balanced forces.”
9. Master vector operations and equilibrium conditions: Be able to use the parallelogram rule for force composition and resolution, and apply the condition for concurrent forces in equilibrium (F_{\text{net}}=0) to solve practical mechanics problems.
10. Understand Newton’s first law, explain inertial phenomena, and appreciate the scientific logic behind Galileo’s idealized experiments.

🔹 Lesson 1: Description of Motion: Foundational Concepts and Kinematic Parameters

Overview: This unit covers the essence of physics as a discipline, its scientific spirit, and its applications in modern society. It introduces fundamental physical quantities used to describe object motion: time, displacement, and acceleration. By studying the definitions, measurement methods, and graphical representations of these parameters, students will develop a physical mindset that transitions from qualitative observation to quantitative description of motion.

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand the scientific spirit of physics and its social applications, recognizing the broad prospects for future development in physics.
• Distinguish between instants and time intervals, and between distance and displacement, and be able to quantitatively describe displacement in linear motion using a coordinate system.
• Master methods for measuring displacement and velocity using ticker timers, sensors, and satellite navigation systems.

🔹 Lesson 2: Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion: Exploring Laws and Free Fall

Overview: This instructional unit covers the complete process from experimental investigation to theoretical derivation, aiming to guide students in mastering the core laws of uniformly accelerated linear motion. Starting with experiments using ticker timers to explore how velocity changes over time, the unit gradually establishes mathematical relationships between velocity-time, displacement-time, and velocity-displacement. These laws are then applied to a special case—free fall motion. Through a STSE perspective, students will understand the practical applications of these physical laws in transportation development and aerospace engineering.

Learning Outcomes:

• Experimental skills: Able to use a ticker timer to collect data and analyze the motion patterns of a cart through v-t graphs.
• Law derivation and application: Master the three core formulas of uniformly accelerated linear motion (velocity, displacement, and velocity-displacement relationship), and apply them flexibly to solve real-world problems in transportation and aerospace contexts.
• Physical modeling: Understand that free fall is an idealized uniformly accelerated linear motion, and grasp the concept of gravitational acceleration.

🔹 Lesson 3: Interactions: Forces, Action-Reaction, and Force Equilibrium

Overview: This unit delves into interactions between objects, covering elastic forces arising from deformation, frictional forces opposing motion, and Newton’s third law, which reveals the fundamental nature of interaction. By learning force composition and resolution (vector operations), students will master methods for analyzing objects in equilibrium under concurrent forces, establishing a systematic framework for mechanics analysis.

Learning Outcomes:

• Qualitative and quantitative analysis of forces: Master Hooke’s law F=kx and the formula for kinetic friction F_f = \mu F_N, and be able to experimentally investigate the relationship between elastic force and deformation, as well as the rules of force composition.
• Understand the essence of interaction: Deeply comprehend Newton’s third law, and be able to distinguish between “action and reaction forces” and “balanced forces.”
• Master vector operations and equilibrium conditions: Be able to use the parallelogram rule for force composition and resolution, and apply the condition for concurrent forces in equilibrium to solve practical mechanics problems.

🔹 Lesson 4: The Relationship Between Motion and Force: Application of Newton’s Laws of Motion

Overview: This instructional design aims to guide first-year high school students from qualitative analysis to quantitative calculation, bridging the gap between motion and force. Students will experience the power of scientific reasoning through Galileo’s idealized experiments, conduct experimental investigations using the method of controlling variables, and ultimately master the system of mechanical units, forming a comprehensive dynamics knowledge structure.

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand Newton’s first law, explain inertial phenomena, and appreciate the scientific logic behind Galileo’s idealized experiments.
• Master the method of controlling variables, conduct experiments to explore the quantitative relationships among acceleration, force, and mass, and be able to process data using graphs.
• Skillfully apply Newton’s second law F=ma to solve dynamics problems, and understand the definition of the unit of force—the newton.