【PEP】High School Physics Compulsory Volume 2

📚 Content Summary

This textbook is the second volume of the compulsory high school physics series published by the People's Education Press. It covers four core modules: projectile motion, circular motion, gravitation and space exploration, and the conservation of mechanical energy. Designed to help students develop a scientific understanding of motion, master fundamental laws of mechanics, and explore applications of physics in astronomy and aerospace.

Uncover the mysteries of mechanics—from ground-level projectiles to interstellar travel.

Author: Institute of Curriculum and Textbooks, Physics Curriculum and Textbook Research and Development Center, People's Education Press

Acknowledgments: Approved by the National Textbook Committee Expert Committee in 2019; Second Prize for the First National Outstanding Textbook Award

🎯 Learning Objectives

1. Be able to explain the direction of velocity in curved motion and its conditions of occurrence.
2. Master the vector rules for combining and resolving motion, and quantitatively describe planar motion in a Cartesian coordinate system.
3. Confirm through experimental evidence that projectile motion consists of uniform linear motion horizontally and free fall vertically.
4. Understand kinematic characteristics: define and calculate linear velocity, angular velocity, period, and rotational speed; grasp proportional relationships among physical quantities such as v = \omega r.
5. Master dynamic principles: understand the concept, origin, and magnitude expressions of centripetal force (F_n = m\omega^2r = m\frac{v^2}{r}), and investigate its patterns through experiments.
6. Develop comprehensive analytical skills: analyze force characteristics in non-uniform circular motion and general curved motion, and understand the effects of net force in normal (centripetal) and tangential directions.
7. Master key laws: understand and apply Kepler’s three laws to describe celestial motion; proficiently use the law of universal gravitation to solve problems involving forces and motion of celestial bodies.
8. Engineering applications: understand the physical meaning of the three cosmic velocities, calculate masses of celestial bodies and satellite orbital parameters, and grasp the fundamentals of artificial satellites and manned spaceflight.
9. Physical concepts: recognize the achievements and scope of Newtonian mechanics, begin to form a relativistic view of spacetime, and understand the relativity of time and space under high-speed motion.
10. Understand the concept of work, accurately determine positive and negative work, and calculate work done by constant forces and total work.

🔹 Lesson 1: Chapter 5: Laws and Applications of Projectile Motion

Overview: This chapter guides students from one-dimensional linear motion to two-dimensional planar motion. The central idea is using "composition and resolution of motion" to transform complex curved motion into two independent linear motions, focusing on experimental investigation and dynamic laws of projectile motion.

Learning Outcomes:

• Be able to explain the direction of velocity in curved motion and its conditions of occurrence.
• Master the vector rules for combining and resolving motion, and quantitatively describe planar motion in a Cartesian coordinate system.
• Confirm through experimental evidence that projectile motion consists of uniform linear motion horizontally and free fall vertically.

🔹 Lesson 2: Chapter 6: Circular Motion and Its Dynamic Analysis

Overview: This chapter aims to guide students toward understanding circular motion from both kinematic and dynamic perspectives. Using physical quantities such as linear velocity and angular velocity to describe features of uniform circular motion, it delves into centripetal force and centripetal acceleration, extending applications to analysis of general curved motion.

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand kinematic characteristics: define and calculate linear velocity, angular velocity, period, and rotational speed; master proportional relationships among physical quantities such as v = \omega r.
• Master dynamic principles: understand the concept, origin, and magnitude expressions of centripetal force, and investigate its patterns through experiments.
• Develop comprehensive analytical skills: analyze force characteristics in non-uniform circular motion and general curved motion, and understand the normal and tangential effects of net force.

🔹 Lesson 3: Chapter 7: Law of Universal Gravitation and Space Exploration

Overview: This chapter establishes a bridge between terrestrial mechanics and celestial physics, covering the development from Kepler’s laws to Newton’s law of universal gravitation. It introduces applications of this theory in calculating celestial masses, satellite orbital parameters, and modern space exploration, while also introducing the relativistic view of spacetime at a foundational level.

Learning Outcomes:

• Master key laws: understand and apply Kepler’s three laws to describe celestial motion; proficiently use the law of universal gravitation to solve problems involving forces and motion of celestial bodies.
• Engineering applications: understand the physical meaning of the three cosmic velocities, calculate masses of celestial bodies and satellite orbital parameters, and grasp the fundamentals of manned spaceflight.
• Physical concepts: recognize the achievements and scope of Newtonian mechanics, begin to form a relativistic view of spacetime, and understand the relativity of time and space.

🔹 Lesson 4: Chapter 8: Conservation of Mechanical Energy and Its Verification

Overview: This chapter aims to guide students in understanding the relationship between work and energy, establishing the foundation for energy transformation through the study of "work and power." The core content revolves around the kinetic energy theorem and the law of conservation of mechanical energy, using theoretical derivation and experimental verification to master energy-based approaches to dynamics.

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand the concept of work, accurately identify positive and negative work, and calculate work done by constant forces and total work.
• Master the content and applicable conditions of the kinetic energy theorem and the law of conservation of mechanical energy; apply energy conservation principles to solve complex physical processes.
• Learn how to verify the law of conservation of mechanical energy experimentally, and master methods for processing experimental data and analyzing errors.